Reporting Elections

 

The Ofcom code of conduct puts emphasis on impartiality, but only for broadcasters. Broadcasting be it radio or TV is far more highly regulated than the papers.

 

Problem area’s: False statements (involves defamation/libel/privilege), difference between reporting Large and Small parties is essential. The scrutiny on the media during elections is much more increased.

 

Impartiality is more of an interactive investigation of all sides of a huge story (the election). This means balancing airtime and being careful to not show favoritism.

 

-Use of think tanks makes going around politicians easier whilst still giving clear-cut data and not just rhetoric. Such as IFS and Education think tanks etc.

 

Calendar- keeping on top of the election calendar such as March 30th, dissolution of the state, is very important to covering the election fully and thoughtfully.

 

 

Misrepresentation of candidates

 

Opinion/exit polls: don’t use them too strongly, they only ever suggest things and never given definite proof.

 

Keeping a log of your coverage and make sure you’re not covering one party more than an other but also gives you a clearer picture of what you have already covered!

 

 

 

Confessional Interviews

Don’t mistake the word confessional with some sort of criminal aspect people, this often couldn’t be further from the truth!

Confessional can mean a multitude of different things but often means ‘True Life Experiences’ (usually extraordinary…)

It’s important to ensure that whichever style you choose to use when conducting the interview, that you create a timeline and construct in your mind a clear and precise start and finish.

Ghosts: Often times these interviews are ghost written but there are 2 generic styles: victim’s voice or the casual house style

Interview styles: 

Open-ended: An hour long interview looking in depth into questions such as ‘what did you feel?’ ‘what did you say?’ ‘how did you overcome this?’

(Copy approval: papers will differ on their want for copy depending strongly on the topic and the exclusivity of the article, this of course means all the rules of good journalism, apply here: accuracy/style/validity) 

Intellectual Confessionals: interviewing professionals of their field is generally a lot harder to get deeper and more emotive responses from, it’s recommended that you know and summary interview the subject prior to the confessional interview so that they subject knows what to expect but also knows to reply in first person and not in vague terms.

Journalist Confessional: of course, interviewing a journalist could be assumed as an easier experience but journalist’s know the tricks of the trade and could shy away from confessional interviews.

Newspaper confessionals: much smaller articles,written in third person and then adapted into 1st person. 

Trade Titles: less dramatic, needs balance even when it’s more dull, first person but not necessarily confessional ‘my biggest business mistakes’. 

Looking for victims:

medical/social/support groups/charity/internet/phone book

 

 Who to avoid: 

those who are too vulnerable are no good, you don’t want to make people more distressed!

Avoid people with mental health problems because they are far too unreliable during the interview, also can be too vulnerable as well. Munchausen by proxy? compulsive liars?

It’s crucial to be certain you have a decent interviewee, someone you can trust and who won’t be lying on camera.

 

Magazine Journalism: Reviews

Reviewing articles contain a more acute and detailed aspect in regards to other forms of magazine journalism such as ‘gonzo’. The construction of these articles is entirely different, it starts with basic details and continues them with fact upon fact unlike Gonzo which takes into account the setting/surroundings/deeper level of context.

 

Part 1: Describing

Part 2: Pass an opinion on the subject.

This shell for reviewing can be used on anything and everything…but it’s important to maintain this basic build for reviewing as this is the format that most readers have grown used to when reading, reviewing articles.

(reference Future Publishing).

The legal aspect to Reviewing: 

Defamation and copyright are the two main traps to look out for when commenting on a subject. The three part defence of comment: must be honest opinion(must be able to show you weren’t paid to say anything) 

must be based upon fact/accurate

and finally: has been expressed in the public interest. 

Copyright: fair dealing

 

 

Media Law Lecture 2: Reporting Crime

 

28 January 2015

 

Sources of Law:

Common- a law that is established over the time via the use of old cases. Stealing etc.

Statutes: the government’s law in defense of the crown creates law.

International: Laws from the EU etc. (Amal Clooney/Jeffery Robinson).

 

2 Aspects to crime reporting:

Contempt: Certain types of contempt include:

Vilifying a witness

Witness interviews and “Molestation” 

Also journalists should be aware of when a court case is active:

-When a person is arrested 

-When an arrest warrant is issued 

-A summons is issued

-A person is charged orally

 

Prejudice: material in a case that could affect the course of a fair trial. (Previous offences).

 

Categories of offence:

Indictable only- possible sentence of 5+

Magistrates’ powers- 6 months jails/£5,000 fines/suspended sentences/conditional discharge/ community orders/ABOS

 

Court reporting rules:

Fair

Accurate

Contemporaneous (posted/published at the first possible edition)

No recording (can tweet).

 

Children and young people= no reporting on people less than 17!

 

 

Magazine Journalism Lecture 1

January 26, 2015

Pitching features:

TV magazines currently holding the highest level of circulation in UK magazines, but largest magazines (free) are supermarket magazines such as Tesco and Sainsbury’s. 9000 magazines in the country alone such as: Hobbie, job, luxury, housekeeping, consumer, and wildlife.

 

Pitching: be sure to take into account the individuality of each commissioning editor and don’t assume they are all the same. The best freelance journalist can network and can ascertain these individual aspects to each separate editor.

You must persuade the editor that you: Have access to the people involved in your article and that you have a clear ability to deliver what you pitch.

 

Important to think about:

Pictures- portraits and collects (a picture that gives reference, and which you collect from the person)/availability of your subject. NEVER ASSUME THAT SOMEONE WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR A PICTURE!

 

Timing- that you can do/write this article within the time period that the editor needs it by. League times: the time it takes between articles being wrriten and then the magazine being published. But when you pitch an article, you have to be ready to deliver that article within the next couple days.

 

Style: When you pitch your article, you have to be sure that you can deliver the article in the same style of the magazine/newspaper (short, snappy for tabloid, longer/floral for broadsheet magz).

 

Payment:

For yourself: few get involved with journalism for the money but regardless you must contest your rates. Could be looking at £1500 for a double page spread but that could take you days/weeks to create. Sometimes it’s often a £1 a word if your doing it right! This is why you have to know how long it will take to create an article so be able to know your expenditure/profit margins.

 

 

For your subject: small amounts of money, but most women’s magazines pay but other more serious magazines/political magazines don’t often pay for interviews.

 

Prep:

Never use slang/swear words.

Must have: A working title, a sell and an idea of the people you would interview/involve in the article.

Pitch: First paragraph that shows both the magazine style and that it’s compelling. Summarise the story or use excerpts. Convey ‘why we care about this story’ and the thirds paragraph should be another reason to why we care. Paragraph 4 should be a plan on how you will be reporting the story using specific names of people that you will interview and involved and also specific places that you plan to involve in the article. BE SPECIFIC.

 

Final paragraph: ‘the kicker’ reminds the editor what the question you will be answering is, and why answer is important for the reader. And then finally sell yourself more: Biography of who you are/publications/links to articles you’ve worked on. Also offer to provide more references and clips. Links w/headlines above them.

Golden Rules: body of the email,

NO ATTACHMENTS

SUBECT FIELD- SIMPLE- STORY ON (INSERT)

 

Mistakes to avoid:

Being unspecific! Be sure to give enough detail to show the editor you’re just bluffing and don’t know what you’re doing.

Spelling/grammar: always get someone(dad) to double check your article.

 

 

Following up on the pitch:

Email or ring 1-2 weeks later if it’s a monthly magazine.

If it’s a daily paper call the next day.

 

GO TO PRESS GAZETTE FOR ARTICLES ON THE PERFECT PITCH.

 

Where to get a good idea for an article?

Cuttings

Constant notes

Good friends and family and good sense of community.

But MOSTLY! Being 5 steps ahead of what people are talking about.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Media Law Refresher

Media law Lecture 1

January 21, 2015

Buy the book*

 

How does journalism combat the regulations and laws of the media, whilst remaining on the right side of the law?

 

 

Be sure to note the changes to the Libel/Defamation Law back in 2013. Now the claimant has to show/prove that serious harm has been carried out by a newspaper or a journalist.

 

Topics:

Outline of legal system

Crime Reporting and Courts.

Libel and Defamation

Privacy/Confidentiality (Milly Dowler, Leveson)

Copyright (Jonny Wilkinson kick)

 

 

‘Backgrounder’- article written after a court case that details all the parts of the case, which sometimes can’t be used/reported if there is another related open case or the case of a suspended sentence.

 

People to know:

Leveson

Chris Grayling- Justice Secretary, Lord Chancellor.

Jeremy Wright- Attorney General

Alison Saunders- Head of the DPP (Director of Public Prosecution)

 

Recognise the risk of the law and court reporting.

Class Test at end of the semester! And make sure to blog weekly on topics such as contempt/privacy etc.

 

 

Court Structure:

Supreme Court (top court in the country)

|

Court of Appeals

|

High Court

|

Crown Court (Indictable)

|

Magistrates (Criminal but also Family proceedings)

|

County Court

|

Tribunal

 

(This system is known as adversarial, Defence VS Prosecution).

Critical Reflection Year 3, Semester 1

This semester saw me take on the position of Data Journalist/Graphics Editor for WINOL, which I would say has been my most successful position on the course to date. Having previously discussed with Chris my passion, at the end of last year, for Data Journalism I am extremely proud of the work that I have accomplished in this first semester starting off with graphics for WINOL with the climax come.

 

I’ll first reflect upon my own work before the whole WINOL production.

 

This semester I worked hard to provide graphics each week for the reporter’s stories after they had been commissioned. I can reflect positively on my approachability to reporters regarding their stories and believe I was always willing to help people with their stories and develop graphics for them/WINOL. This manifested itself in making sure everyone knew my contact details and knew that I was willing to help work with them as long as they gave me a reasonable time limit to create a graphic for them (both in features, news and sports). To this extent I believe I helped and supported the strong integration of graphics into WINOL and have also gotten the 2nd years more interested/knowledgeable in Graphics as well.

 

As I created my position, it was my responsibility to make a difference to the production of WINOL and justify me holding that position. But I would say I succeeded to make a difference to which has become a fantastic weekly production and a very strong well-rounded team of students/journalists.

 

Examples of this:
First week: providing 3 separate graphics for 3 stories.

 

I would say I have improved hugely as well in my position, not relying so heavily on just simple graph form graphics, but expanding to create what I’ve dubbed “Vector-based graphics” which use related objects/signs in graphics to further display a more clearer/relatable point. As well as this I have learnt to use a range of different applications to help create graphics, such as: Numbers/Fireworks/After Effects, which I would say, have single-handedly made vast improvements to graphics from the last year both in WINOL and in Politics and Power.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Example: From Isaac’s Ebola Phone App Package

 

If I was to highlight an area where I could have improved, I would say that I failed to take Brian’s advice, where he recommended that I create video demonstrations of how to create graphics for certain packages which could help students learn the basic skills on Fireworks/Numbers/Final Cut in order for them to be able to make graphics themselves.

Here I can hold my hand up and say I failed to do this, which I think would have been a very important process for both master’s students and 2nd years but have since given a small but concise class to the masters students, that I will in the new year give to the 2nd year students to give them a basic but helpful run through to graphics and how to visualize data in their packages.

 

Politics and Power:

Easily the production that took up the bulk of my time this semester, from planning to production this show has areas of groundbreaking graphics/production skills used in it and that is something Alex and myself are hugely proud of. This ranges from using/learning After Effects to create HD intro/transition shots made entirely on the computer, to creating moving green screens for our In-studios. Politics and Power is by far my greatest achievement at University to date, in it’s creation Alex and myself have learnt key skills such as script writing/presenting graphics based PTC’s and the production of WINOL’s first ever 4-way political debate and so much more. Needless to say there were some inevitable production problems such as sound and picture quality which could have changed, I take full responsibility for not filming the debate on DSLR’s AND studio cameras, and I am now confident that anything we film for the show should be done on DSLR’s to set it apart from what has become a standard of non-HD filming.

 

Problems with the production have also taught Alex and myself a lot about responsibility but also management: Upon receiving our first (and currently only complaint) about the debate, we responded in a very professional manner and explained our side to the complaint that little air time was given to the Lib-Dem candidate during the four way debate. We explained the lack of responses from the Lib-Dem candidate as well as the huge debate from other member’s of the debate regarding the Lib Dems had made it very hard to manage the time/discussion around her.

 

I would say that we handled this situation very well and professionally which then led to an apology from the person who had complained. But I would further say that this experience has actually improved relations with contacts and shown the maturity that Alex and myself have and the passion and confidence we had, in both ourselves and the show we aimed to create.

 

Working on this production has vastly improved my technical skill’s from inter-grating graphics into a green screen to using After Effects to create a pristine and clean looking intro/coming up/ sequence. But also I think we both learnt, and I know I did for sure, became more skilled at pre-planning as well as script writing and making clean and concise PTC for my Infographic VT.

 

Finally I would say I managed to balance a healthy amount of work between working on the politics show and helping out with graphics on WINOL including what I would say is my best piece of work regarding the Ferguson Riots which demonstrated (I believe) my ability to quickly grasp new graphic ideas such as Data mapping which could be vital for the GE2015. I take a lot of pride from the advice and support for my graphics I received from my lecturers as well as students and guest editors most importantly. With Laura Trant praising me for creating a modern looking graphic for Brookes gambling addiction piece.

 

 

In reflecting upon WINOL as a whole this year…

I can honestly say this has been in my opinion the most successful; the huge addition that the 2nd years provided to the production of WINOL has been 2nd to none. I think we’ve got a clearer idea of our target audience, more so than we did previous years at least! But I think where the real improvement has been made is the almost innate ability the team has adapted to shoot with DSLR’s, use rule of thirds, get GV’s and also really have a good grasp on sound in their VT’s. This meant that at the end of the 2-week ‘dummy run’ period, the team as a whole was already ready to create VT’s that were technically strong, if not for a few weekly hitches.

 

Production was smooth as well, slipping a couple times with green screen problems, which I think should now be updated to follow how we (Alex and myself) put the green screen into the post-production which enables it be a better quality and leaves the door open for moving graphics in the background. As well as this, the cameras in the studio don’t seem to be filming in HD quality, so as usual I’d suggest that we convert to DSLR when shooting in the studio and synch the sound in post-production. However these are all rather fine points but I do think that being rather anal in the production of WINOL can only help it’s end result.

 

Reporting: As previously stated, I think the reporting was very strong, stronger in certain areas that it’s ever been! For instance the really good sports packages such as walking football and Tough Mudder were really fantastic pieces which were both filmed very well with multiple angles and great use of GoPro’s. Interviews were shot very well through out the semester as well which is very important in my opinion. Overall a good standard to VT’s was constructed early on in the year, which I think both 2nd and 3rd years followed well as well as following an up to date subbing bible which has helped produce just as much text stories in relation to VT’s coming up on the site.

 

 

Website:

A huge change to the website gave the whole production a sleeker and more professional look.

The updates to the website made an immediate impact on the level of pages views and unique IP’s we got, with record breaking levels recorded in October then again in November with a huge 5932 page views on the 19th of November (a Wednesday bulletin day) with a further 512 unique IP’s on that day as well, a record in itself.

 

I also think the change to the website has helped birth other successes such as W2, Winch Xtra and of course Politics and Power. This in turn has helped bring different audiences to the website with a range of news/features and sports like any other professional news website would be providing as well.Emma Graph Screen Shot 2014-12-05 at 15.30.04

Debrief Notes: Graham Bell

Graham Bell:

strong headlines, good use of upsot but sometimes a tad overcrowded. Don’t use jump cuts in headlines!
A bit too much comment, regarding the badgers. ‘Cute badgers’
Make sure to ensure the FLOW of the script to ensure the flow of the show!
MISSED THE INNOCENCE PROJECT STORY!
Show was a bit too strong and could have been a bit lighter, or could have re-arranged the story/news agenda to lighten the show.
Ferguson: Very strong point at bringing an international story into a local angle.
Good use of the interview which makes the story relevant and keeps it fresh to the day.
NHS Strikes: monday’s story, but good use of upsot at the start of packages. good interviews. Have to humanise the story and make it more personal, cover both sides of the story, not just the representatives.
Prison Gangs: Good use of studio interviews! Include yourself in the interview to give your interview a bit more of a personal touch. Bit more confidence in the voice delivery, a bit more decisive in voice-overs.
Badger Culling: fantastic piece to camera with great access. Use the celebrity status of Chris Packham in the package. Perfect sting
OOV belt: Gas explosion needed a bit more detail and all the facts had dead ends, didn’t have anything going on in the story.
Isle of Wight: Top line needs help.
One Way System: good use of time lapse in the package but dragged on a bit too long. Interview was a bit too blunt and needed some angles etc.
Xmas Market: needed to be a lighter story, was a bit too serious and needed more involvement in the story. Do more, see more. etc.
Sport: Make sure to check facts, and to be thorough.
Features: get more involvement in the pieces. old use of ‘click bait’ stories and accessible.

Debrief Notes: Laura Trant

Personal Notes: 

Great variety of stories this week!
The gas explosion story shows once again our adept speed at reporting stories on the day , and doing so with a high quality package (as per usual with Stephen).

 
 
Laura Trant Notes: “geniunely impressed’, Headlines were strong/well timed.
 
Gas Explosion: Be sure to be safe regarding the timing of the links. PTC had a bit too much pauses in the middle. Good context, and fantastic access with the interviews. 
 
Crime Stats/Job Cuts: Pictures of the police are often dull, good access with John Apter, but could have done with a tad more insight into the police. Could have possibly used a link in-between the two packages of crime. Graphics were clear and well made, presentation was very strong. If you are going to use your hands, use them well and use them to your advantage. 
 
Gambling Addiction: fantastically strong piece, great top line. Very strong case study which made the case very real! Covered both sides of the story. Graphics were once again strong and modern!
 
Female Bishops: The link could have been better written, but good sound bites with the interview. Very strong grab within the interview ‘female black bishops’  
 
Horses: Great variety of shots! Strong first line and even stronger PTC which came across very naturally. Extremely strong writing to the pictures. 
 
 
Dogs: Strong PTC, but could have down with more movement. Interview was a bit too static, and didn’t involve the dog as much as could have been. Needed shots of the New Forest. 
 
Sport: Lighting in the studio/and PTC’s could have been better lit. Good language used in the voice over but still not as much emotion used!
 
Leonard Cohen: Good shots used, and interviewee was strong and very smoothly made. 
Dancing man: Great feel good piece. Better lighting could have been used, also just be sure to edit finely and not allow any bad cuts coming into the package. 
 
Strong Presenting but don’t be afraid to use your emotion. 
 
Ian: good structure to packages within the bulletin, (beginning/middle/end). Sound bites are getting much stronger in packages and with better questions asked and better answers got. Eye lines have been vastly improved! Good mix of stories as well which makes it a lot easier to watch. Sound still needs to be improved and need to make sure mics are closer to the people we want to hear. ‘Have to do better next week!’, Keep Improving!

Debrief Notes (12/11/14)

Personal Notes:  

Really great improvements in terms of HD shooting with packages, barely any stories that didn’t have good amount of sequences in them as well as fantastic overall access. Furthermore, a good variety of stories in this weeks bulletin, rather political strong but as Ian said, it’s important to blow your own trumpet and with images of Clegg/Javid and Thornton it was all very much justified. 

Brooke did a great job, timing of the bulletin was rather a bit slack but only due to a need to change headlines. For me, I think there is still a need to scrutinise the footage within packages, for instance 2-3 cases of overexposed shots in certain packages which could easily be changed/improved in post-production. 

There is also a tendency of the last couple weeks to be relying so heavily on Stephens stories which he brings in on a Monday. It would be good(from a teams point of views as well as an editors) to see reporters coming in with 2-3 stories instead of one strong story which can potentially fall through. 

However! with that said, there has been a good momentum come Tues/Weds when it comes to getting images/packages created and turned around in a quick timescale. 

*****************************

Ian Sherwood (Sky News Editor): “Very close to the reality of the ‘cut and thrust’ of modern/broadcast journalism.” “Incredible content”. PTCs: Should tell you something that you don’t know or be an in-depth look into a certain aspect. 

Get as much experience as you possibly can. Agonise over how you sell yourself, stand out! Be the person thats there in the right place at the right time. 

Clegg: ‘Dead man walking footage’ To get Clegg is fantastic, but to also get good quotes on him is an incredible get. Covered a lot of sides of the story, Conservatives/Lib Dem/UKIP. Good work with a tight deadline. 

Javid: Another good example of access and coverage. 

Thornton: Strong start to a package, best footage used at the start. Good example of 

OOVs: Incredibly difficult to write a story damming your own institution, but done well without malice/favouritism. 

Ebola: Educational! Well made package, could have been higher up in the bulletin due to it’s importance. International story with an extremely local angle. Never forget the people who you are aiming the story at! Be sure to aim at the people who NEED the story the most. Strong Images.

Flytipping: Great soundbites within the interviews but even better usage of still images due to inability to not gather our own pictures(moving or still) 

Rats: Local/Valid story. Good pictures of Rats. 

Sport: Good/improved footage. 

Remembrance: Natural sound in the package was essential and well used.